Answer one of the following questions.

 

1. Calculate the pH of an aqueous NaOH solution with a formal concentration of at 298.15K. [10 marks]
2. Suppose that you are designing a machine which produces work by harnessing the isothermal expansion of an ideal gas. You want the machine to produce at least 1kJ of work per expansion cycle. For practical reasons, the gas should occupy no more than 3L at and 1atm. The machine will operate at . What is the ratio of the final to the initial volume required to meet the design requirements? For the purpose of this calculation, assume the expansion to be reversible. Explain the effect this assumption has on the computed compression ratio. [10 marks]