Answer all questions in this section.

Value of this section: 80 marks

1. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction of zinc (II) oxide with fluorine to form and oxygen at 298K. [5 marks]
2. A university student decides to go on an all-sugar diet. Sugar delivers 4.0kcal/g of metabolizable energy. During the first month, the student gains 4kg, stored as fat. The metabolizable energy equivalent of fat is 9.5kcal/g. By how much should the student cut back his daily intake of sugar to stop gaining weight? [5 marks]
3. A thermodynamicist finds that the enthalpy of formation of ozone ( ) at is 140kJ/mol. What is the value of the enthalpy of formation at 298K? [8 marks]
4. What is the boiling point of a solution made by dissolving 3g of eugenol (oil of cloves, molar mass 164.20g/mol) in 300g of benzene? The enthalpy of vaporization of benzene is 34.7kJ/mol at its boiling point of 353.3K and the molar mass of benzene is 78.11g/mol. [10 marks]
5. 1.05g of a newly isolated protein is dissolved in 500mL of water at 298K. The osmotic pressure of this solution is 260Pa. What is the molar mass of the protein? [6 marks]
6. The normal boiling point of bromine is 332.35K and its enthalpy of vaporization at this temperature is 29.45kJ/mol. Calculate the boiling point of bromine at 0.89atm, the normal atmospheric pressure in Lethbridge. [6 marks]
7. The chemiosmotic theory of ATP synthesis suggests that mitochondria use the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats to operate a proton pump resulting in an internal pH of 7.0 when the pH of the surrounding cytoplasm is 5.5. When these protons spontaneously flow back in across the mitochondrial membrane, their free energy is harnessed to synthesize ATP. The concentrations of ATP, ADP and phosphates in the mitochondria are 1, 1 and 2.5mM, respectively. For the ATP synthesis reaction , at 298K.
   1. How much free energy is required to synthesize 1mol of ATP in a mitochondrion at 298K? [4 marks]
   2. How much free energy is produced by moving 1mol of protons into the mitochondrion from the outside? [4 marks]
   3. What is the minimum number of protons which must cross the membrane to synthesize one molecule of ATP? [2 marks]

      Note: Report the smallest sufficiently large whole number.

8. A coal-fired power plant is designed to produce 12MW of electricity. (This is a small unit that might be used to power a pulp-and-paper mill or other relatively energy-intensive factory.) The coal is used to heat steam to a temperature of . After running through the turbines, the steam has been condensed and the liquid water cooled to .
   1. Calculate the minimum amount of heat which must be generated to produce the desired amount of electricity. [5 marks]
   2. Calculate the amount of heat required to bring 1kg of liquid water from up to steam at . [6 marks]
   3. How fast must water be circulated through the heating unit to generate the required amount of electricity? [2 marks]
   4. The enthalpy of combustion of coal is 29MJ/kg. What is the minimum rate at which coal must be burned to sustain the required level of power production? [2 marks]
9. Acetic acid ( ) has an acid dissociation constant of at 298K.
   1. Calculate the pH of a 0.1mol/L solution of acetic acid in water. [5 marks]
   2. Calculate the concentration of acetate ions in this solution. Do a full Debye-Hückel calculation. [10 marks]

      Hints: Treat the acetic acid as ideally behaving. The method is analogous to that used to compute solubilities.